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Maintenance actions
Maintenance actions, historically referred to as socio-emotive actions, are those leadership actions taken by one or more members of a group to enhance the social relationships among group members. They tend to increase the overall effectiveness of the group and create a more positive atmosphere of interaction within the group.
==Concept==
Maintenance actions are contrasted with Task Actions which are those actions taken to enable the group to complete a specific task or goal.〔Johnson, D. and Johnson, F. ''Joining Together: Group Theory and Skills''. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1975.〕
Conceptually developed by social psychologist Kurt Lewin in his extensive research into group interaction during the 1940s,〔Lewin, K., "Group Decisions and Social Change" in T. Newcomb and E. Hartley (eds.) ''Readings In Social Psychology''. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1947.〕 maintenance actions were extended into the discipline of leadership studies through the work of Douglas McGregor in his definitive statement of principles of leadership, ''The Human Side of Enterprise''.〔McGregor,D. ''The Human Side of Enterprise.'' New York: McGraw-Hill, 1960.〕 Countless texts and "how to" manuals on group and team leadership since Lewin's work have sought to identify those activities which can then be used in group situations to maintain as well as increase friendship, warmth, and attachment among the participants of a group.
Maintenance actions can be understood as those activities which maintain the functioning of the group just as a driver of a car maintains the car by putting oil in the engine or making sure that the tires have enough pressure.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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